1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal House, Jungadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaFind articles by
1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal House, Jungadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaFind articles by
1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal House, Jungadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaFind articles by
1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal House, Jungadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaFind articles by
1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal House, Jungadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaFind articles by
1Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal House, Jungadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaFind articles by
2Department of Animal Husbandry and Extension Education, College of Veterinary Science and Animal House, Jungadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, IndiaFind articles by
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplementation of garlic, ginger and their combination in the diets of broiler chickens and assessment in terms of feed intake, growth performance and economics of feeding.
A total of 240 1-day-old Cobb-400 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments each with three replicates of 20 chicks per replicate (n=60). Four experimental diets were formulated in such a way that control diet (T1) contained neither ginger nor garlic. While, birds in group T2 and T3 were fed with diets containing 1% garlic and ginger, respectively. Diet 4 (T4 group) contained a combination of 1% of garlic and ginger. The feeding experiment was carried out for 42 days, and different parameters evaluated includes feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, gut morphometry, and economics of feeding in terms of return over feed cost (ROFC) and European Performance Efficiency Index.
Feed intake of experimental birds in ginger and mixture of garlic and ginger supplemented groups, i.e., T3 and T4 groups have significantly (p<0.05) higher feed intake as compared to control. While, feeding of garlic have non-significant effect on feed intake as compared to other groups. A body weight gain (g/bird) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in garlic (T2 group) and ginger (T3 group) supplemented group as compare to control and garlic and ginger mixture supplemented group (T4 group). Feed conversion ratio was significantly (p<0.05) lower in ginger (T3 group) supplemented group as compare to other groups. Mean villi length, villi width and cryptal depth were significantly (p<0.05) higher in T3 group than rest of all three groups, indicating increased absorptive surface area. ROFC was significantly (p<0.05) lower in T3 and T4 groups as compare to control. However, it was not significantly different between control and T2 group.
On the basis of the results of the study, it is concluded that supplementation of garlic improves the performance of broilers when added at the rate of 1% of broiler ration and can be a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in the feeding of broiler chicken.
Feed is the major component of total costs of poultry venture as 80% of the total expenditure is on procurement of feed [1]. Feed additives are a group of nutrient and non-nutrient compounds which helps in improving the efficiency of feed utilization and thus reducing the high cost of feed. In the past, antibiotics were the most routinely used feed additives. However, nowadays use of antibiotics is not only limited but their use in livestock and poultry industry also have been banned in many countries due to the reasons like alteration of natural gut microbiota and drug resistance in bacteria and humans. As a result, to replace them without adversely affecting the performance of birds, natural growth promoters such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, enzymes, plant extracts, etc., can be used to feed the broilers [2].
Garlic and ginger as natural growth promoters can be potential alternatives for common artificial growth promoters like antibiotics [3]. Ginger is the rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale, consumed as a delicacy, medicine, or spice. Preliminary research indicates that nine compounds found in ginger may bind to serotonin receptors which may influence gastrointestinal function. Research conducted in-vitro shows that ginger extract might control the quantity of free radicals and the peroxidation of lipids [4] and have anti-diabetic properties [5]. Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used as a spice and a native medicine for many years. It has possessed antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antiviral, antioxidant, anticholesteremic, anti-cancerous, and vasodilator characteristics [6]. Ginger and garlic supplements in broiler chicken diets have been recognized for their strong stimulating effect on the immune and digestive systems in birds [7]. Recent research works on ginger and garlic formulations as feed additives have shown encouraging results in regards to weight gain, feed efficiency, lowered mortality and increased livability in poultry birds [8,9].
Different workers have tried at different levels of garlic and ginger in the diet of birds and but most consistent results were obtained at about 1% level [10-12] and supplementation of these products beyond 1% of ration may also have a negative effect on overall cost of feeding. As a result, they are incorporated at the level of 1% in the diet of broilers. On the other hand, studies on their use as mixtures in the diet of birds have produced inconsistent results. Therefore, this study was planned to generate more information about the effect of using garlic and ginger alone and in combination on performance and economics of supplementation in the diet broiler chickens.
This research was carried out as a part of M.V.Sc. research after the approval of competent authority of the Director of research and Dean P.G. Studies, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.
The experiment was carried out at the at modern poultry farm located at Mangrol, city of Junagadh district which lies approximately on latitude 70.12’E and longitude 21.12’N with an average elevation of 18 m (59 feet) above sea level. This region of South Saurashtra sub-zone comes under Zone-XIII of agro climatic zone of India, which includes only Junagadh district. A climate is dry sub-humid, and adverse climatic conditions prevail in this region with minimum and maximum temperature ranging from 28°C to 38°C in summer and 10°C to 25°C in winter months [13]. The average annual rainfall ranges from 1000 to 1200 mm.
Experimental birds and diets
About 1-day-old 240 broiler chicks of cobb-400 strain with average body weight 40.00-40.28 g were wing banded and distributed randomly into four groups having three replicates of 20 birds each by randomized block design and allocated to four dietary treatments as T1, T2, T3, and T4. Experimental birds in group T1 were fed with conventional concentrate mixture while birds in T2, T3, and T4 groups were fed on concentrate mixture supplemented with 1% garlic, 1% ginger and mixture of 1% garlic and 1% ginger, respectively. Ingredient compositions of these starter and finisher rations are presented in Tables- and , respectively.
| Feed ingredient (kg) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maize | 63 | 62 | 62 | 61 |
| Soybean meal | 29 | 29 | 29 | 28 |
| Meat and bone meal | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Vegetable oil | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Lime stone | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Garlic | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ginger | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Salt | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| Methionine | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 |
| Lysine | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Vitamin | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Mineral mixture | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Calcium carbonate | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Liver tonic | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Total | 100.77 | 100.77 | 100.77 | 100.77 |
| Chemical composition (% DM basis) | ||||
| DM | 92.45 | 92.44 | 92.66 | 93.34 |
| CP | 23.18 | 23.30 | 23.12 | 23.24 |
| EE | 3.36 | 3.52 | 3.40 | 3.56 |
| CF | 4.36 | 4.61 | 4.55 | 4.20 |
| NFE | 61.3 | 60.96 | 60.96 | 60.87 |
| TA | 7.80 | 7.61 | 7.97 | 8.13 |
| Ca | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
| P | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
| ME (Kcal) | 3176 | 3176 | 3176 | 3176 |
| Feed ingredient (kg) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maize | 65 | 64 | 64 | 64 |
| Soybean meal | 25 | 25 | 25 | 24 |
| Meat and bone meal | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Vegetable oil | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Lime stone | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Garlic | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ginger | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Salt | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| Methionine | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Lysine | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Vitamin | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Mineral mixture | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Calcium carbonate | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Liver tonic | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Total | 100.10 | 100.10 | 100.10 | 100.10 |
| Chemical composition (% DM basis) | ||||
| DM | 92.22 | 92.25 | 92.24 | 92.51 |
| CP | 20.15 | 20.27 | 20.19 | 20.28 |
| EE | 3.27 | 3.40 | 3.36 | 3.47 |
| CF | 4.43 | 4.45 | 4.53 | 4.74 |
| NFE | 62.84 | 62.79 | 63.02 | 62.94 |
| TA | 9.31 | 9.09 | 8.90 | 8.57 |
| Ca | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.14 |
| P | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.90 |
| ME (Kcal) | 3281 | 3281 | 3281 | 3281 |
Chemical and statistical analysis
Samples of feeds were milled to pass through a 1 mm sieve and then analyzed following the methods of AOAC [18] to determine dry matter by the oven drying method (934.01), organic matter by muffle furnace incineration (967.05), crude protein by Kjeldahl method (984.13) (N × 6.25), ether extract (920.39), ash (942.05). The data collected on various parameters were analyzed using the method of Snedecor and Cochran [19].
Benefits Of Garlic and Ginger To Chicken
FAQ
Is garlic and ginger good for chickens?
Is garlic good for chicken?
What to eat with garlic ginger chicken?
Garlic ginger chicken can be served with your favorite sides like steamed rice, noodles (pasta), salads, or vegetables. Related recipes: cashew chicken and ground beef stir fry and Korean beef rice bowl. Microplane: this is important, especially for grating ginger and garlic. using this tool will give the right consistency.
How to cook ginger?
For the tea, cut ginger into pieces of approximately two centimeters and place with water in the fire. Let it boil for eight to ten minutes. The proportion varies, but you can use 5 grams for each liter.
What is garlic ginger chicken?
Garlic ginger chicken is a super simple and flavorful chicken recipe. Coconut oil, ginger, and garlic coat the thighs, then they’re baked until tender, juicy, and delicious. It’s a sugar-free family favorite recipe! Make a meal out of these thighs with our creamy cucumber salad and smoky roast potatoes.
Does garlic & ginger marinade work with chicken?
Yes, this garlic and ginger marinade works with chicken breast and any other cut of a chicken, from wings and legs to drumsticks or even boneless chicken thighs. The cooking time may vary depending on the cut of meat, so keep an eye out and use a thermometer to check the internal temperature.